The Feature of Patients Treated with Daiobotampito, Especially About Urination, Before and During the Song Dynasty / 日本東洋医学雑誌

It is written about daiobotampito in ‘Jin Gui Yao Lue' that the patients who should be treated with the for­mula urinated smoothly. On the other hand, Kampo doctors today tend to use daiobotampito for difficulty of urination. We investigated the feature of daiobotampito in old medical textbooks, especially about “urination,” “gonorrhea,” and “intestinal abscess.” We searched old medical textbooks for daiobotampito, which were writ­ten or published before or during the Song Dynasty. In the textbooks other than ‘Jin Gui Yao Lue,' it is written that the patients urinated frequently. In the textbooks other than ‘Jin Gui Yao Lue' and ‘Ishimpo,' it is written that the patients sometimes urinated difficultly. In the old medical textbooks before or during the Song Dynasty, urination of the patients who should be treated with daiobotampito was smooth but sometimes difficult.

Difference of the Definitions of “Ginger” and “Processed Ginger” Between the Edo Era and the Present in Kampo / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Kampo physicians in the Showa era, such as ARAKI Seiji and OTSUKA Keisetsu, had called raw ginger as the herbal medicament “ginger”, and processed or unprocessed dried ginger as the medicament “processed gin­ger”. However, many Kampo physicians in the present Japan call unprocessed dried ginger as the medicament “ginger”, and processed dried ginger as the medicament “processed ginger”. The aim of this study is to investi­gate the background of the process of this change from the Showa era to the present. We searched the defini­tions of the medicaments “ginger” and “processed ginger” in successive Japanese Pharmacopoeia editions and other related books describing these definitions. In Japanese Kampo medicine before the Showa era, the herbal medicament “ginger” had referred to raw ginger, and the medicament “processed ginger” had referred to proc­essed or unprocessed dried ginger. However, after the Heisei era, the medicaments “ginger” and “processed ginger” have referred to unprocessed dried ginger and processed dried ginger, respectively. And the raw ginger has been called as “preserved ginger”.

Two Elderly Cases of Constipation with Irritability Diagnosed as Alzheimer's Dementia after Successfully Treated with Daijokito / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We report two cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with predominant constipation successfully treated with daijokito and then diagnosed as Alzheimer's dementia. [Case 1] An 82-year-old man. He had been treated for IBS with probiotic and purgative. However, the symptom of IBS did not get cured and he had suffered from digestive symptom with iracund mental condition. [Case 2] A 74-year-old man. He suffered from abdominal pain and constipation so he needed enema and stool extraction frequently. He sometimes angered if he could not get treatment without delay. In both cases, their bowel and mental condition improved after treatment with daijokito. After their conditions improved, we checked their cognitive function, and found the levels of their cognitive function were low. We diagnosed them as Alzheimer's dementia. The patients probably had felt the difficulty and gotten mental stress on usual days because of dementia, so the mental stress could complicate the symptoms of IBS. Daijokito probably improved the digestive symptom due to IBS and the mental stress from dementia of these patients, and after the treatment we could diagnose the dementia. Elderly patients with constipation and iracund mental condition might have dementia.

A Case of Generalized Anxiety Disorder for Three Years After the Postpartum Period Treated with Kyukichoketsuin / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We report a case of a 39-year-old female who suffered from generalized anxiety disorder for 3 years after a spontaneous abortion and was successfully treated with kyukichoketsuin. She got generalized anxiety disorder and had difficulty to stay in a crowd after she had a spontaneous abortion at the age of 36. She visited our Kampo clinic because of the anxiety at her age of 39. We prescribed her yokukansankachimpihange for 6 months, but she still suffered from anxiety. After we changed yokukansankachimpihange to kyukichoketsuin, her anxiety improved. Kyukichoketsuin is a formula for various kinds of bad conditions during the postpartum period, which was described as the first therapeutic agent in “Manbyokaishun.” In this case, although the patient had suffered from mental disorder for three years after a spontaneous abortion, she showed a favorable response to kyukichoketsuin treatment. This result suggests that kyukichoketsuin may be effective for years of mental problems after parturition.

Inclusion of Ginseng in Kanzoshashinto / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Kanzoshashinto consists of seven medicinal herbs including ginseng. The formula for kanzoshashinto in the Chinese medical text “Jinguiyaolue” consists of the seven herbs, but its formula in “Shanghanglun,” a second medical reference, lists only six herbs and does not include ginseng. We investigated if formulas for kanzoshashinto in traditional Chinese and Japanese medical books included ginseng. We searched modern Japanese databases using the terms kanzoshashinto and ginseng. We also searched medical books written during the Song Dynasty in China and the Edo period in Japan. We found one article in a modern Japanese database that discusses kanzoshashinto and ginseng. The article stated that kanzoshashinto formula included ginseng only described in the Song medical text Jinguiyaolue. Kanzoshashinto formula in other ancient Chinese medical references did not list ginseng as one of the components of the medicine. This research confirmed the statements written in ancient Chinese medical references : doctors could add ginseng to kanzoshashinto. During the Edo period in Japan, most doctors prescribed a kanzoshashinto formulation that included ginseng. In the medical reference “Jinguiyaolue,” kanzoshashinto with ginseng is described as a treatment for kowaku, an unstable psychological state. In the medical reference “Shanghanglun,” kanzoshashinto without ginseng was used to treat severe diarrhea. Therefore, it is possible that kanzoshashinto without ginseng might be a more effective treatment for diarrhea. Further studies are required to examine the efficacy of kanzoshashinto without ginseng in treating severe diarrhea.

<b>A Case of Involuntary Movements Treated with Yokukansankashakuyakukoboku</b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We report the case of a 17-year-old male who had involuntary movements treated with yokukansankashakuyakukoboku. He had first recognized the involuntary movement 6 years previously. His symptom could not be alleviated with neurological and psychological treatments, and he visited our clinic for treatment with Kampo medicine. His symptom gradually alleviated with yokukansankashakuyakukoboku. The ancient physician Sekki (薛已) created yokukansan in China's Ming Dynasty. Yokukansan and its various add-on combinations were used in the Edo Era of Japan. Keisetsu Ohtsuka then created yokukansankashakuyakukoboku, which is however now rarely used because there is no extract drug in Japan. There are markedly nervous patients however, who can be treated with this formula. Thus, the authors feel that more research needs to be done on the differences between yokukansan and yokukansankashakuyakukoboku.

Changes in susceptibility to antibacterial agents of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> isolated in central Tokyo for 10 years (2004-2013) / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<b>Introduction</b> : The purpose of this study was to clarify the antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> in central Tokyo over a ten-year period.<br><b>Methods</b> : We investigated the susceptibility of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> isolated in Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital for 10 years from 2004 through 2013.<br><b>Results</b> : Significant increases in the proportion of strains resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin / sulbactam and cefditoren pivoxil were noted for some years in comparison to the first year studied. There were no significant changes in the susceptibility to levofloxacin and clarithromycin. The proportion of strains resistant to ampicillin and cefditoren pivoxil showed statistically significant increases during the study period. The proportion of the strains resistant to ampicillin / sulbactam isolated from children was greater than from adults for every year studied. Levofloxacin resistant strains were isolated only from adults. The proportion of strains resistant to clarithromycin were about 1% in Japanese national surveillance data, but the proportions in this study were over 9%.<br><b>Conclusion</b> : Over a ten-year period in central Tokyo, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> strains resistant to ampicillin and cefditoren pivoxil increased. Strains resistant to clarithromycin occurred at a higher rate than nationally.

<b>Study on Conditions to Increase the Domestic Production of Herbal Materials by Changing Crops Production from Tobacco </b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Herb supplies can become unstable because of climate change and the economic development of herb exporters. In this paper, in order to increase the self-sufficiency of herbal resources we examined the possibil ity of changing to herb crop production from tobacco, for which demand is declining. Firstly, we considered demand, quality and the price of raw herb materials to make recommendations for corrections, and selected <i>Angelica </i>(A. ) <i>acutiloba </i>and <i>Bupleurum </i>(B. ) <i>falcatum </i>Linne. Next, we compared the profitability of tobacco and the herbs. Profit margins for <i>A. acutiloba </i>were less than for tobacco. It was thought that the profitability of <i>A. acutiloba </i>could become equivalent to tobacco if an adjustment subsidy were provided. The self-sufficiency rate for <i>A. acutiloba </i>would be one hundred percent with 35 million yen in every year. Although the profitabil ity of <i>B. falcatum </i>has exceeded tobacco, its selling price was about 3 times that of imports, while the price of medical <i>B. falcatum </i>was lower than its selling price. It was thought that the price competitiveness problem of <i>B. falcatum </i>can be covered if a production subsidy is provided, and to reach a 50 percent B. falcatum self sufficiency rate with 660 million yen per year.